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Head of Arles
The Head of Arles (French: ''Tête d'Arles''), formerly known also as the Head of Livia (''Tête de Livie'') or the Head with the broken nose (''Tête au nez cassé'') is a fragment of a Roman marble statue in two parts, of which only the bust remains, which probably depicts Venus (Aphrodite) and was discovered in the ruins of the Ancient Theatre of Arles in 1823 during the removal of accreted material from the theatre. The Head of Arles represents an iconographic type called ''Aspremont-Lynden/Arles''. It is now part of the permanent exhibition of the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques with the inventory number FAN.92.00.405.
== Fragment of a theatrical decoration ==
The sculpture was originally two separate pieces, joined at an angle across the chest in a manner which is also seen elsewhere.〔This process, along with the treatment of the uncovered left shoulder, connects the Head of Arles with the headless sculpture known as ''Aphrodite on a tortoise'' kept in Berlin, which has a bust serparated from its body in the same way, according to (Patrimoine de la ville d'Arles : Buste d'Aphrodite ). See also the note under the bust at the Musée de l'Arles antique : Illustration on Wikimedia Commons〕 The bust which is preserved today, with a height of 57 cm was probably inserted into an entirely clothed body, with her posture causing the chiton to slip off the left shoulder.〔Cécile Carrier proposed this theory on the basis of models in Greek sculpture developed from the mid-fifth century BC, such as the representations of Aphrodite and Artemis on the front of the Parthenon "Sculptures augustéennes du théâtre d'Arles," ''Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise'', 2005, volume 38, N° 38-39, p. 375〕 As was usual, the statue was painted and the hair in particular was probably gilded.〔Louis Jacquemin notes that, like the Venus of Arles, some traces of a coat of red paint which was used during the process of gilding marble remain ("Monographie du théâtre antique d'Arles", ''Typographie Dumas et Dayre, Arles'', Vol. II, Chapter VI, 1863, p. 371)〕
The bust was discovered in 1823 at the same time as a bas-relief representing Apollo and Marsyas in a trench dug in a road near the location of the ancient theatre of Arles.〔Jacques Joseph and Jean-François Champollion, "Bulettin des sciences historiques, antiquité, philologie," ''Journal des débats'', 5 mars 1826, vol. 5, Paris, Imprimerie de Fain, 1826, p. 301〕 Given the location of its discovery, the statue was taken to be part of the decoration of the postscaenium which decorated the stage building of the ancient theatre, probably located in one of the niches which flanked the royal gate (''valva regia''), mirroring the Venus of Arles, which was found near this location some two centuries earlier and together framing the monumental statue of Augustus in the guise of Apollo, to whom the theatre was dedicated.〔Jules Formigé, "Note sur la Vénus d'Arles", ''Comptes-rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' no 39 (1911), p. 663. Cécile Carrier, op. cit., p. 377〕 Like the Venus of Arles, the Head of Arles has a hole at the front of head which probably allowed the attachment of a metal star or diadem, a fact which suggests that the two statues were originally designed as a pair.〔See Cécile Carrier, op. cit., p. 377〕
The two statues,〔A plaster copy of the Venus of Arles in its original state (without arms) is on display in Arles. The real Venus (in marlbe) is in the Louvre with arms added by Girardon〕 with that of Augustus, have formed part of the permanent collection of the Musée de l'Arles antique since its creation in 1995. Before that, they were displayed in the Musée lapidaire d'Arles.〔The Head was displayed with the copy of the Venus of Arles in the nave of the old church, on either side of the tomb of Yppolyte. Cf. AN.-E Agard, "Le Musée Lapidaire d'Arles," ''Imprimerie générale du Sud-Ouest'' - J. Castanet, janvier 1924, p. 16 ((read online ))〕 The Head of Arles, also known as the ''Noseless Head'' (Tête sans nez) was presented at the exhibition of fine arts in Marseilles in 1861.〔Louis Jacquemin, op. cit., p. 382. See also : Marius Chaumelin, ''Les Trésors d’art de la Provence exposés à Marseille en 1861'' (Paris, 1862) and ''Concours régional, 1861. Exposition des beaux-arts. Marseille. Livret des tableaux, dessins, gravures, sculptures et curiosités'', Éditeur Galerie de l'Exposition, 1861. Discussing the exhibition, Frédéric Mistral mentions the "tête sans nez" in ''revue Armana prouvençau'' 1862, pp. 40-50〕
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